HNARTHI

By Lalsiampara Thangate on Friday, December 7, 2012 at 9:44pm

Hnarthi (Nosebleed/Epistaxis)

Hnarah hian thisen zam tam tak a inzam tuak a, a awmna hi hmai langsar lai, engemaw hleka chut palh awlna hmun a lo ni bawk nen, tih thi mai hi thil awl tak a ni. Hnar thi tam zawk hi chu ho te, harsa lo taka reh leh mai thei a nih laiin a then chu a nasa thei hle thung. Hnar thi hi thlasik lai leh khawro hun laiin a tam duh bik.

Hnarthi chhan :

Tam tak a awm thei, hengte hi a langsar zualte an ni :

• Infection
• Inhliam leh hnapkhir kheuh
• Hritlang (Allergic & non-allergic Rhinitis)
• Thisen sang (High blood pressure)
• Damdawi thenkhat hmanin (anticoagulant, aspirin etc)
• Zu ngawl vei (alcohol abuse)
• Cancer leh hnara chawr/bawk awm
• Pianken thisen dik lo (inherited bleeding problem)
• Naupai lain

Hnarthi chu engtinnge kan tihreh ang?

Hnarthi tam zawk hi chu doctor pan kher ngai lovin mahnia tihreh theih a ni, hetiangin:-

• Hnar nem(soft part of nose) chin zawng huamin kutzungpui leh zungchalin hmehpin tlat tur, i kut khan hnar kha hmai ruhah nem bet tlat bawk ang che.
• He tih lai hian kun deuh titihin awm tur a ni a, hrawk lama thisen kal a awm chuan lem lovin chhakchhuah zel tur.
• Minit nga i nem hnuah thlah la, a la thi cheu a nih chuan a ngai angin ti nawn leh rawh.
• Vur towel-a fun, hnar leh biang vel deh nana hman a tha bawk.
• Hnarthi a reh hnuah muzal lovin, thu-mu chungin chawlh hahdam rih tur.

Hnarthi nawn sek loh nan engtia inven tur nge?

• Hnaphnit fimkhur tur
• Hnar kheuh/hawlh loh tur
• Daikal leh zunin san vak loh tur
• Hahchhiau laiin ka an tur
• Kunin thilrit la suh
• I lu kha i lung aia sangah awmtir hram hram ang che
• Mei zuk loh tur
• Chaw nem leh dai ei la, thil sa lam chu hnar thi hnu darker 24 chhung chu engmah in loh tur.
• Thisen khangna tibuai thei damdawi (aspirin, ibuprofen, warfarin etc) ei miah loh tur.
• Hnarkaw chhung ro lutuk tur ven nan lubricating ointment (Neosporin oint. etc) hnawih thin a tha.

Eng hunah nge Doctor pan tur?

• A chunga tih tur tih anga in tih hnu pawha a reh mai theih lohin
• Hnarthi chu a chak viau a, thisen a chhuah hnem viau bawk chuan
• Damlo chu a chauh viau a, tlusawp mai tur anga a awmin
• Hnarthi bakah hmai leh lu-ah hliam dang a awm a, mitvai leh nikhaw hre lo-a an awmin.
• Hnarthi bakah khawsik leh lu na a awm telin.

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PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY

- Dr. C. Lalnunpuia

Mizote hi kan ram retheih vang te, Ei leh in/zuk leh hmuam kan insum loh vangte, kan damdawi ei huai lutuk vang te, kan natna kan enkawl mail oh vang leh chhan eng eng emaw avangin natna kan ngah em em mai a. Chung zingah chuan hriatna thazam chak lo (a bikin Peripheral Neuropathy) hi a tam ber chu a ni.  Thingtlang lamah a tam zual niin a hriat a, khawpuiah pawh a bang chuang lo. A lo awm chhan te, a enkawlna leh invenna lam te, a thlen theih thil tha lote leh Kan hriat atana tha thil thenkhat chauh kan tarlang ang.

Peripheral Neuropathy chu eng nge ni?

        Kan hriat angin kan taksa peng tin mai hi Hriatna thazam ropui lutukin a thlunzawm chuat mai a. Chu chu hlawm lian pui pui pahniha thenin Central Nervous System leh Peripheral Nervous System tiin an then a. Peripheral Nerve-te chuan taksa hmun hrang hrang atanga an thil hriatte chu thluak/spinal cord-ah thawnin thluak/spinal cord atangin thil tih dan tur pawh taksa hmun tina rang lutukin an keng kual a, Chung hriatna thazam zinga pakhat emaw, a aia tam emaw a khawloh chuan taksa peng hnathawh a buai ta thin a ni.

(img:524538507599118) 

Peripheral Neuropathy chi hrangte:

1)      Mononeuropathy : Engemaw avangin hriatna thazam pakhat bik chak lo a awm thin. E.g. carpal tunnel Syndrome, axillary nerve/ulnar nerve/radial nerve/peroneal nerve palsy, etc. A hriatna thazama tihpalh (injury) vang te, thisena chawmtu thisenzam dik lo vang te, hriatna thazama infection/inflammation awm vangte pawhin a awm thei. Computer-a rei tak thil chhu thin zingah te, taksa chak lohna avanga rei tak wheel chair-a thut ngai (continuous and repetitive motion) angah te pawh hian hetiang nerve chak lo hi a awm thei.  

Fig – Carpal tunnel Syndrome lo awm theih dan

 (img:524539050932397)

(img:524541817598787)

2)       Mononeuritis multicomplex : Hemi hi chu a chunga kan sawi Mononeuropathy ang deuh thova intanin, hun engemaw chen hnuah nerve dang chak lo a lo awm tel ve zel a, a rei deuh hnu phei chuan Polyneuropathy nen pawh thliar hran a har thin. A tlangpuiin a intan dan a rang a, na a awm tel deuh ngei bawk. Zunthlum nei zingah te, Phar (leprosy) leh HIV natna nei zingah te, natna thenkhat (polyarteritis nodosa/Rheumatoid arthritis/ SLE/Amyloidosis, etc) leh damdawi thenkhat vangin a awm duh bik.

3)       Polyneuropathy : Peripheral Neuropathy tam ber hi chu hetiang hi a ni. Peripheral nerve engemaw zat chu engemaw avangin an hnathawh a buai a, Chaw-mawlh (numbness), mu chur chur, khawih leh lum leh vawt pawh hre mang lo, na leh vung tihte thlengin a awm thei. Polyneuropathy zingah hlauhawm ber Guillain-Barre Syndrome thlengin a awm thei a ni. Zunthlum zingah te, Vitamin tlakchham vang te, zu leh damdawi thenkhat vang, etc. tein he natna nei hi Mizo zingah pawh kan tam hle a ni.

4)       Autonomic Neuropathy : Taksa chhung lam organ-te chawmtu hriatna thazam a chak loh chuan kawthalo, ek khal, zun leh ek control thei lo, mipat hmeichhiatna lama hniam, pum na, malabsorption leh BP hniam, etc. tihte a awm ve thei. Rei tak zunthlum lo nei tawhte zingah a tam zual.

5)       Neuritis : Hriatna thazam inflammation hi Neuritis an tih chu a ni mai a.  A hriatna thazam khawih chhiat azirin a lanchhuah dan pawh a inang vek lo. A then chu Na ngawt ngawt ang te, Na zawk zawk/uaih uaih ang te, chak lo leh chaw-mawlh ang te, che hleithei lo angte pawhin a langchhuak thei. A chhan tlangpuite chu : Pheikhawk ke artui sang bun nasat vang te, Infection (Awm vel natna, Phar natna, Lyme’s Disease, etc) vang te,  Zunthlum leh Diphtheria vang te,  Vitamin B1 leh B12 tlakchham vang te, Thyroid natna thenkhat leh cancer vang te, zu leh chhan dang eng eng emaw vangte a ni. Neuritis hi chi hrang hrang (multiple neuritis, Brachial neuritis, optic neuritis, vestibular neuritis, Cranial neuritis/Bell’s Palsy ) a awm leh a. Heng chu sawi thui lo ta ila.

A Chhan Tlangpuite:

Peripheral neuropathy lo awm chhan tlangpui leh kan rama a larzual nia langte kan sawi nual tawh a; heti hian chhinchhiah ila:

1)       Zunthlum : Zunthlum nei zinga zaa 50 hi chuan a lo rei deuh hnuah hriatna thazam tha lo an nei thin niin mithiamte chuan an sawi. Zunthlumin neuropathy a siam theih dan chu sawi thui lo mai ila. Eng emaw chen chu inven theih a ni.

2)       Vitamin tlakchham vang (Vitamin B12, folate)

3)       Zu (Alcohol)

4)       Awmvel natna (post-herpetic neuralgia)

5)       Rheumatoid arthritis leh SLE (autoimmune disease)

6)       HIV

7)       Toxin thenkhat (Rannung thahna hlo, arsenic, lead, mercury, etc)

8)       Cancer leh BP sang/Kaih/cancer/TB damdawi thenkhat (vincristine, metronidazole, phenytoin, nitrofurantoin, isoniazid, etc)

9)       Kal hnathawk tha lo (chronic renal failure)

10)   Inthlahchhawnna atangin

11)   Inhliam vangin

12)   Chhan hriat loh (idiopathic neuropathy)

13)   A dangte

A Lanchhuah Dan Tlangpuite :

Hriatna thazam tha lo hi a awmna hmun azir leh a thlentu azirin lanchhuah dan tam tak a awm thei a, Mizote zinga hetiang neite zinga a lo lanchhuah dan tam berte chu hetiang hi a ni:

1)       Mi tamzawkah chuan kut leh ke a chawmawlh a, khawih leh lum leh vawt hre mang lo khawp pawhin a chawmawlh thei. A mu chur chur a, a hik chur chur maithei bawk. Mi tam berin an insawisel tan dan a ni.

2)       Mi thenkhatah chuan a sa hum hum a, a na ngut ngut bawk. Kut leh ke hmawr te, taksa peng khawi lai emaw chauhte pawh a ni thei. Awmvel natna nei zingah pawh a awmna hmun azirin an sawiselna lai a dang thin.

3)       Kut leh ke chak lo/zawi tihte pawh a awm thin. Mi thenkhat phei chu kawrkilh han kilh that mai pawh harsa an tiin kea tawite an kal pawhin an chauin an ke a kham em em mai thin.

4)       Pum tha lo zingah te,  paitawihna lam sawisel nasaho zingah te,  ek khal leh kawthalo reng mai zingahte hian neuropathy nei an tam mai.

5)       Lung (heart) chawmtu hriatna zam a chak loh chuan thawhphut luhai kan tih ang chi te, nikhaw hre lova tluk maite pawh a awm ve thei. Mizoramah pawh Vitamin tlachham nasaho zingah hian Lung chak lo/lung vung/heart failure hmuh a ni zauh zauh bawk.

6)       Kut leh ke vung : Neuropathy avanga lung chak lo leh thisen zam tha lo zingah an tam zual niin a lang.  An chau sam em em a, thaw-hah, lungphu mumal lo, etc. tihte an insawisel a. Investigation han tih tak tak chuan neuropathy vanga hetiang nei hi an lo tam ve khawp mai. Neuropathy avanga kut/ke vung hi chhan (pathophysiology) dang a awm thei bawk.

7)       Mipat hmeichhiatna kawnga chak lo thlengin a awmtir ve thei. Serh khawng thei lo, chakna tlahniam, serh ro, etc. a awm ve thei tlat bawk.

8)       Engmah ti lo pawha kut leh ke thlan dup dup thinte zingah neuropathy nei an tam mai.

9)       Chauh hluah hluahna te, tihrawl na them thum (muscle cramps), kut leh ke sai hlek hlek (tremor/fasciculation) te,  hriatna thazam chak lo azirin kut/ke khawng, zung thei lo, ek khal/kawtha lo, etc. etc. a awm thei bawk.

10)   A dang dang pawh

Inenkawlna lam :

1)       A chhan a zirin a tih tur pawh a in ang lo. Neuropathy thlentu tihdam hi a tul hmasa ber.

2)       Zunthlum nei chuan control that tur.

3)       Zu-in mi leh zuk leh hmuam ti mi chuan nghei thei se.

4)       Tlakchham nei a nih chuan a tlakchham phuhruk tur ei leh in leh damdawite a tul angin daktawr rawn chunga ei tur

5)       A tul chuan zai (surgery) pawh a ngai mai thei

6)       Pheikhawk bun tur thlan thiam, fimkhur, insawizawi hriselna check-up that leh tihtheih tam tak a awm thei ang

7)       Damdawi ei tur chu a tul dan azirin Doctor rawn chunga ei tur a ni.

(Note: Doctor ka nihloh avang leh hemi lama hriat ka neihloh avangin Comment box lama in zawhna te ka chhang theilo. kan hlawk pui nan ti a, Mithiam te thuziak  dah chhawn mai ani e.)

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                                                                                                                    source :hriselna Huang fb group

                                                                        RANNUNG SEH

He natna thlentu natna hrik hming chu Orienta tsutsugamushi a ni. Hrik chikhat Thromboculid Mites an tih in an pai in an ti darh thin (anophelene mosquito in Malaria hrik a pai ang in ). He HRIK hi hmun hnawng chirh cherh leh phulah te an awm duh bik.

     A NATNA LAN CHHUAH DAN TLANGPUI:-

       1) Fever (khawsik ), Headache ( luna ), Muscle Pain ( tihrawl na ), Cough (khuh ), leh Gastrointestinal symptoms (eg..kawthalo..)

       2) A natna a lo nasat hman chuan thiput vak (eg..hnar thi, internal bleeding, mitmu chhunga thi..etc0 leh Intravascular Coagulation ( thisen zam chhunga thisen khal ) te thlengin a thlen thei.

      3) HRIK in a sehna lai chu a sen vual tet thin,  La ( Spleenomegaly ) a ti lian vak thei a, tin THAL BAWK thlih thliah nghawng, zakhnuai, kap...ah a awm thei bawk.

     4) TIN HE NATNA (Scrub Typhus ) HIAN HIV HRIK PAI HO AH VIRAL LOAD A TI SANG VAK THEI BAWK

                       Khing a chunga ka rawn tarlan te i nei anih a ram/ hnim zingah te i awm tam (a bikin bawngchaw zawnga eizawngte ) anih chuan doctor rawn vat rawh.

    HRIATRENG TUR CHU HE NATNA HI TREATMENT PEK LOH CHUAN THIH PUI AWL EM EM A NI. Pneumonia, thluaka khawsikpui lut (encephalitis), lung na (myocarditis)..etc a thlen thei.

 A treatment lah hriat hma chuan ho te si....ie Tab. Doxycycline 100mg ...Tab. Chloramphenicol...Naupang leh raipuar ah Tab. Azithromycin....Tab. Clarithromycin...Tab. Roxythromycin....etc...damdawi lar tak2 leh tlawm te in a tih dam theih.....In hriat tlai chuan in chhan a har toh viau toh thin,

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Naupang ek khal chhan tlangpuite:

1)      Mi thiamte chuan khawvel naupang zaa 20 vel lai hi ek khal vangin an buai thin niin an chhut a, puitling ang lo takin hmeichhia aiin mipa naupangah a tam zawk bawk. Chung zinga zaa 95 vel chu taksaa natna danglam bik awm vang a ni hran lo va, chhan hriat loh (idiopathic constipation) an ti mai.

2)      A chhan hriat theih zinga tam ber chu hun bi neia an ek loh vang leh an ei/in dik lo hi a ni. Naupang chu ek zawnga nuam lo (unpleasant event) a awm hian an ip ta daih thin a, ek an insum phah a, hei hian ek khal a siam sam hle a, a chhan tam ber pkhat niin mithiamte’n an sawi.

3)      Ei leh inah naupang kan duat tlang hle a, an ei chak/duh zawng apiang kan pek thin avang hian naupang lehzual deuhah phei chuan ril chak lo a awm sam em em.

4)      Naupang hlauhthawn nei rengte zingah ek khal hi a tam zual tih hriat a ni.

5)      Taksa lam hrisel lohna avangin a awm ve thei. Hei hi chu zaa 5 vel chauh a ni. e.g. Hirschsprung’s disease, hypo/hypercalcaemia, hypothyroidism, colonic stricture, anal stenosis, spinal cord abnormalities, etc.

Kan tih theihte:

1)      Diet control hian a tam ber chu a reh thei.

2)      Hun bi neiin inthiar hun siamsak theih ni se.

3)      Tui lam in tam turin fuih rawh. Tui pangngai an in theih loh pawhin Apple/fruit  juice lam (fiber tamna) in tam thei se.

4)      Bawnghnute leh bawnghnute atanga siam lam chi ei tam lo se. Naupang hrisel loh hlauh vanga Calcium leh damdawi dang pek vak thin pawh hian an ek a tikhal thei. Pum damdawi atan tia digestive enzymes lam pek pawh a tul hun a awm; an ni ang rualah chuan taksa mamawh tam tak hi chu an taksaa insiamchawp tur a ni. Kan supplement vak hian Siamtu rel dan  kan tibuai zawk thei.

5)      Thau (fat/cholesterol) tamna lam te, artui, butter, etc. ei tlem se, thlai lam leh thei lam (tomatoes, be lam, apple – a kawr telin, serthlum, etc.) ei tam zawk se.

6)      A zia awm mai loh chuan Damdawi, Daktawr rawna eitir theih a ni.

7)      Natna dang vang a nih loh chuan zia-awm ve mai tura ngaih a ni.

Doctor Rawn hun:

1)      An luak fo in

2)      Thang tha lo/ rihna sang thei lo

3)      Pumna fo

4)      Nau piang hlimah chuan darker 48 chhunga e lo

5)      Ek rawng dik lo/var hluak

6)      Zun lama harsatna – zun zawnga na, zun rawng duk (dark-colored urine) leh rimchhia.

7)      Mawng kaw (anus) bula pan/ulcer.

source:Hriselna huang fb

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By^Dr jeremy vpachuau. Hriselna huang fb

Tunlai nausen luak thut/ kawthalo thut an tam riau a, nu leh pa kan chiai chul thin...ka lo hmuh danah pawh nu fel tak chuan ORS a lo pe zel,a luak/kawthalo nasa lutuk pawh nise...A VAN FIN THLAK TEH RENG EM...I fa/ i nau/ i tu/ etc luak thut/kawthalo an lo nei palh a nih chuan, Tunlai a an damlohna en chuan ORS tluk a awm o...a luak nasa a nih chuan, damdawiin panpui mai tui...Doctor/nurse duty ten a tul ang an lo ti mai ang,,..

Tin, zirna a sang zel a, tunhma a luak damdawi atana ka chiu thin ..Inj. Maexeron hian kan pumpui leh rilte in zawmna lai a ti zau a, chu vangin Pumpui atangin, kan thil ei ril ah a tla hma a, chu chuan, Kawthalo a siam leh duh an ti......Luak ah chuan naupang an ni emaw Inj. Ondansetron an rih zawnga chhut in kan pe mai thin, a safe zawk.....

Nause/naupang chu engtin nge tui a tlachham (dehydrate ) tih kan hriat ang....

1) Naute/ naupang a awm hle2 thei lo
2) Awmze nei lo in a tap vak2 thin
3) A lu chhip a khuar dek phei chuan a dehydrate hle a ni..
4) A nu hnute tui hnek a ngaihsak lo..
5) A dehydrate viau chuan a dul vun han piai ila, a ngaia let mar leh mai turin a pangngai aiin hun a duh rei zawk...
6) Akut leh ke hmawr a vawt thler a, an thisen zam pawh hmuh a har..
7) Dehydration a nasat tawh chuan, an thawk a rang a, an marphu a rang a, a marphu kha feel a har bawk..
8) Darkar 24 chhunga an zun kha a tlem em2....300ml ( i.e 1ml/ kg/hour...eg, naupang kg 10 mi chuan 24 chhungin 240 ml a zun chhuah loh chuan, severe dehydration ah kan dah thei ang ) ai a tam tur a ni, a pangngaiah chuan..
9) A mitmeng a pual rem thei a nasat tawh chuan..
10) An nasat tawh phei chuan nikhaw hrelo hial in an lo kal thei..
11) An mitmu a thum lut kuk thei...etc...

A chunga kan han tarlan tak nelnual khi in fa/ nau/ tu te awm dan a nih chuan damdawiin pan pui vat tur.....

Hriatreng tur chu in naute a luak vak2 emaw kawthalo a nei nasa a nih chuan ORS pek hram tur, ei duh lovin chhak mahse tlem tal a lo lem theih hram chuan a tha reng2....chuan damdawiin in pan pui vat dawn nia.....

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Irhfiak neih hian duh thu reng vang ni lovin ham (diaphragm) a tawm thut thut a, chuapa boruak a sawr chuah thut chu aw bawm (vocal cord) lo insawr zim bawk si karah chhuakin irhfiak ri awk awk a siam ta thin a ni. Irhfiak tam zawk hi chu thil ho te vang a nih laiin a then chu a pawi viau thei thung.

Irhfiak awmtir theitu te:
Thil hmanhmawh deuha eiin.
Thil ei/in hnem lu tukin.
Rilru hah leh vei riau neihin.
Damdawi thenkhat side effect a ni thei (eg. Diazepam, alprazolam, ondansetron etc.).
Thil rim na deuhin a siam thei bawk.
Ham (diaphragm) chawmtu thazam (vagus & phrenic nerves) a chiatin.
Natna thenkhat, thluak lam tha lo (stroke, meningitis, encephalitis, head injury & brain tumour), kal tha lo (kidney failure), thin thalo leh chuap lam natna thenkhatin an siam thei bawk.

Doctor rawn a tul kher em?
A tam zawkah chuan a tul kher lo. Hengah hian rawn a tha:
Darkar thum aia a rei chuan.
Mu thei lo khawpa mi a tihbuaiin.
Thil ei hlei thei lo khawpa mi a siamin.

Mahnia inenkawl dan (Self-care at home)

He tiang hian lo ti chin teh:
Thaw lovin han awm vang vang teh.
Tuisik in pawp pawp tur.
Rilru deng dawt khawpin tihder (surpise) tur.
Lei (tongue) pawh chuahsak a, chini thirfiante chanve vel an lei chung a chhungril thei ang berah dah tur. (Hei hi minit 2 hnuah vawi thum tal tihnawn tur).

Damdawia Enkawlna
Hei chu Doctor thiam-te tih tur a ni, mahnia lo inchawh ve ngawt chi a ni lo.
Heng damdawi-te hi an hmang thin, chlorpromazine, baclofen leh phenytoin.
A nasa-ah chuan Phrenic nerve kah zen (anaesthetic block to phrenic nerve) leh zai (surgical implantation of electrnic stimulator to vagus nerve) a tih theih bawk.

- By lalsiampara sailo hriselna huang fb group

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By*Lalsiampara sailo

Zirmi (researchers) tam takin thingpui hi mihring taksaah eng ang chiahin nge hna a thawh tih hi an lo zir tawh thin a, an hmuhchhuah chu a inang tlangpui. A thatna tam tak a awm laiin that lohna pawh a nei ve. Tjingpui chang lo thil dang pawh, chaw thlengin thatna tam tak a awm, a tel loa kan awm theih lohte pawh an ni ang; mahse that lohna pawh a awm ve thei tho tih hriat tur. Taksa tana thil tha kan ngaihtuah hian kan hriat reng tur pawimawh tak chu eng chenah nge a thata/a that loh theih tih hi thliar thiam fo a ngai, a tawk chiah zela thil ei leh in hi taksain a ngeih ber. A tlem lutuk emaw a tam lutuk emaw chuan hriselnain a tuar thei thin. Thingpui chungchangah pawh hei hi a dik chiah mai.
Thingpui-ah hian eng thilte nge awm (chemical constituents)?
Thingpui-ah hian thil tam tak a awm a, Carbohydrate, fat leh protein te erawh a pai tel lo tluka ngaih a ni. Thingpui-a thil awm pawimawh zual te chu:
Alkaloids
Catechins
Phenolics (Polyphenols)
Tannins
Caffein
Theanine
ECGC
Flavonoids
Theophylline
Theobromine
Fluoride
Aluminium
Heng chemical-te hi taksa mamawh tak takte an ni hlawm. Heng zinga mi Catechins leh Flavonoids hi Anti-oxidant tha tak nia ngaih an ni. Hengte hi taksa tana tha, cancer hial pawh engemaw chen veng thei nia sawi a ni.
Thingpui thatna te
Zirmi (researchers)-te sawi danin thingpui hian thatna tam tak a nei:-
Thau lutuk tur a veng, green tea tha zuala ngaih a ni.
Anti- depressant tha tak a ni.
Thaw rimchhe tur a veng.
Green tea hi ‘Sun bunt’ damdawi tha tak a ni: hnawih mai tur.
Mi a ti harh vang a, rilru a tichak thei.
Taksa-in natna a dona khawl (immune system) a tichak.
Taksa chet vel dan (physical activity) a pui nasa hle.
Stroke laka taksa vengtu tha tak a ni.
Rul tur leh rannung tur (insect bite) a ti chhe/dal thei (antivenom property).
HIV-AIDS natna a tinep.
Lung leh thisen dawt hrisel nan a tangkai.
Cancer vennaa puitu tha tak a ni.
Zuntlum venna a pui.
Heng bak pawh hi thingpui thatna tam tak sawi tur a la awm.
Thingpui that lohna lam ve thung
Thingpuia awm fluoride hi ruhah a inchhekkhawl thei a, ruh chak lona chi khat ‘oteoflurosis’ siamin ruh a tliak sam.
Thluak lam natna chi khat ‘Alzheimer’s disease’ a thlen (induce) thei.
Thingpui in tam lutuk chuan aluminium toxicity a awm thei.
Chaw pai tawihna a tibuai thei (tannin effect).
Hmeichhe upa lam natna, ‘Premenstrual syndrome’ a tizual thei.
Zunkawng hnathawh a tibuai.
Muthilh theih lohna a thlen.
Kal-a lungte awm a siam thei.
Thingpui sa tak in thin leh thingpuia awm ‘tannins’ hian chawkawng cancer veina ‘risk’ a ti sang.
Thingpui hian ha a tibal (stain).
Heng thingpui that lohna tam zawk hi chu tam tak ina thleng thei chauh an ni.
Tlipna
A bul lama sawi tawh angin thingpui-ah hian taksa tana thil tha sawi sen loh a awm laiin thil tha lo pawh a awm ve tho tih hriat a, tam pui ni lo, a tawk chauha in thiam a ngai tih kan hriat a pawimawh. Khawl nuai (machine process) aiin kuta nuai/chil (thianghlimtaka tih a nih chuan) hi hrisel zawka ngaih a ni. Sa lutuka in hi a tha lo bawk.

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Mi thenkhatin ‘Sinus ka nei a’ an tih thenkhat hi i lo hre ve toh awm e.Hnap i ngah ve hrim2 anih hi,i lo ti ngawt ange an lawm vaklo ang .Enge Sinus kan tih fo chu a lo nih teh reng,a lo lanchhuah dan te,a inven dante leh a enkawl dante i lo bih chiang deuh teh ang u.Sinus tih tak hi chu mihring luruh a kawrawng (boruak awm theihna) ti ila a dik thei awm e.Sinus hi mitinin kan nei tihna a nih chu.Sinus hi vunte leh thisenzam lian lianbik te sawi nante pawh hman a ni  bawk.Mihring ruha Sinus awmte chu : Maxilliary sinus,Frontal sinus,Ethmoidal sinus,Sphenoidal sinus - te an ni.Heng Sinus te a lo nat/pun hian Sinustis (Sinus tia kan hriat lar) chu alo awm ta ani.Kan luruha sinus awmte hi kan hnar leh kan mitkhur bawr velah an awm a,pun awmna hmun azirin na lanchhuah dan hi a dang thei khop mai.

    A awmtir thei tute :

1) Natna hrik : A thlen thei tu natna hrik chi hrang a awm a,a langsar zual thenkhat te chu  --S.Pneumoniae, H.Influenzae, Moraxella Catarrhalis leh adt. an ni.

2) Tui bawlhhlawha chenin : A bik duan luh thut (dive) hian tui bawlhhlawh khan Sinus a thlen awlsam bik a ni.

3) Sinus-a hliam awm reng reng in .Eg. Ruhtliak.

4) Ha na atrangin natna a lut chho thei bawk.

5) Khaw vawt leh hnawngah a awm duh bik.

6) Hrisellohna : Awm-na hrim hrim ,sentut,tangseh,vitamin tlakchham .

7) Boruak kalkawng (hnar atranga chuap thleng) a pun (infection) awmin.

8) Allergy,allergic rhinitis,hnara bawk awm,piansual(hnar) te pawhin a thlen duh hle.

  A lanchhuah dan :

1 . Maxillary Sinustis :
a) Khawsik,awmnuamlo,taksa kham them thum.
b) Luhai emaw luna (chal bawr velah)
c) Hnarping reh tha thei lo.
d) Ha chunglam chhak deuah na a awm bawk thin,kuin emaw khuhin emaw thil thial zawngin         emaw na a zual thin.
e) Hnar ruh sir vela hmehih emawkuta khawn in emaw na a awm thin(hrisel pangaiah chuan a awm lo).Hei hi Sinustis hriat theih dan awlsam tak ani.

2 . Frontal Sinustis :
a) Lu-na : Zing thawh hlim atrana in tran in a na a zual tial tial a,chhun chaw fak hun velah a vawrtawp a thleng a,chawhnu lamah a ziaawm chho ve tial tial mai thin.A nat hun hi office kai/kal hun nen a inan avangin Office Headache anlo ti hial ani.
b) Mitkhur chunglama hmehin emaw kut a khawn in na a awm thei,hei hi hriat dan awlsa tak ani.
c) Hmui chunglam a ti vung luk thei bawk.

3 . Ethmoidal Sinustis :
a) Hnar sir mitkhur chunglam deuha hmehin a na a awm thin.
b) Mit vun a luk thei bawk.
c) Hnar atrangin hnap emaw hnai emaw a chhuak tam duh bik.

A enkawl dan :
1) Anti-Microbial : Ampicillin,Amoxicillin,Erythromycin,Doxicycline,Cefuromine,Axetil,Clari-
   thromycin,Augmentin,etc.
2) Nasal decongestant : 1% Ephdrine, 0.1% Xylometazoline,etc.
3) Steam inhalation (Tui hu hipin)
4)nachhawk na pangai leh tui luma deh paw a tha phian.
5) Zai dam theih ani bawk.

#Apuia colney @hriselna huang fb group

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PILES CHUNGCHANG
By Dr.jeremy vpachuau in Hriselna Huang

Pile kan tih hi, mawng chhung a vein awmdan dik loh vanga awm a ni a.. Stage 4 ah a surgery chuan kan then...
1st stage.= Ek a thi a, engmah mawng atangin lawr chhuak a om lo, A na ngailo bawk. mawng chhung enna (proctoscope), colonoscope, chuah in a diagnose theih....
2nd stage..chi 2 a awm.. Early 2nd stage=Ek a thi bakah, ek zawhah "thil " (pile mass) mawngah a rawn lawr thin, hnawhluh ngai lovin amahin a ip luh mai theih, a na lo bok,  hei pawh hi a na ngai lo.Late 2nd stage= A chunga mi ang ciah khian a om a mahse na a awm ve thin...3rd stage= Thil lo lawr kha mahni in a ip luh theih loa, kut zungchal a hnawhluh a ngai...
4th stage= Thil lawr kha kutzungtang a hnawh luh tum pon a lut thei toh lo...... 1st stage & early 2nd stage khi cu zai ngai loin a tawn theih(Rubber band ligation) he tawn hi a na tur a ni lo....Late 2nd stage& 3rd stage khi chu Zai ( Haemorrhoidectomy) lo cuan a dam thei lo......... 4rd stage khi chu emergency a zai a ngai..A pile kha a lo inherh hman (strangulated pile)a hlauh awm.........
Tin, a bik takin 1st leh early 2nd stage ah khi chuan (sitz bath), tuilum chi al a thut, minute 5 tal * 1month + Ointment ( Anovate oint/Shield oint/Armor oint etcc..) + Ek nemna e.g Susp. CREMAFFIN plain, 4-6 tsf zan mut dawnah ei ziah tur * 1 month a tlem berah.......
Hmun changkang zawk ah chuan Sclerosing agent an tih in early stage ho khi chi an chiu thin....Mizoramah chuan kan la ti ve lo tlat....

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Typhoid chu engnge?
Natna hrik chikhat, a hming ‘Salmonellla typhiana’ an tih, bacteria huang chhunga mi hi he natna thlentu ber chu a ni a. He natna hrik hi mihringte chauhvina kan natpui theih niin, kan thisen leh zun leh ek kaltlangin he natna hi a lo inthehdarhin kan inkaichhawng thin a lo ni. Typhoid hi khawvel pumah pawh a hluar angrang hle a, inkaichhawn a awl avang hian he natna hi vei an awm tawh chuan a bul hnaia mite pawhin an kai zung zung tawh mai thin a ni.

A lan chhuah dan
Typhoid natna lo lanchhuah dan chu hetiang hi a ni: Taksa a chau a, awm nuam lo leh peih sam lohnain bul a tan a, mi a chau/hah hma em em a, a changa taksa vawt deuh vurin awm dante a inthlak a inthlak a, lu leh hnungzang te lo na-in pang a kham deuh thum a, tin, kawkhawh emaw daikal thei lo(ek khal) angte in a lang thin. A thenah chuan zing lama khawsik reh siin tlai lamah pang a lo lum leh thin. Tin, vun bawl te, lei ro hul ang te-in a langchhuak thin bawk.

Natna inkaichhawn dan
Inthiarna felfai leh thianghlim awm lohna hmunah typhoid hi a hluar hma a. Typhoid inkaichhawnna tlangpui chu: Ei leh in thianghlim lo, a bikin chhinphui loh emaw ei tur hluiah te; tuisik thianghlim lo atangte, kan kut fai lo atangte a ni ber. Tin, taksa chak lo te hian an kai hma bik a, sa leh bawnghnute ei ngun lai hian kan kai awlsam bik bawk a ni.

Inenkawlna
Mut hahchawlh tawp hi tihtur hmasa ber chu a ni. Tin, ei leh in fimkhur hle a ngai a. Typhiod huat zawng kan ei vaih chuan a zualkaiin a punlun vak thei a ni. Mawm, thak, bawlhlo tak, sangha sa leh bawnghnute ah te insum tlat tur a ni a. Thlai tharlam leh thei hrisel ei tam hi a thain, ser tui sawr te, tui thianghlim in tam te hi a tha hle bawk.

Damdawi atan chuan doctor ngei rawn a, kan nat dan enchiang ngei-a damdawi min chawh hi a tha ber a ni. Daktawr rawn theihna hmuna awm lo leh daktawr rawn remchang lo te tan, typhoid inenkawlna damdawi tlem lo tarlang ila (heng hi mahni thu-a ei lo turin kan inchah a ni)
1. Cifran - 500mg
2. Paraxin(Chloramphenicol)
3. Ofloxacin - 400 mg
3. Ciprofloxacin - 500mg nikhata vawihnih
4. Azithromycin - 500mg nitin chawei hma-in
5. Ceftriaxone 1gm -a nikhata vawihnih inchui
6. Cotrimoxazole - 960mg
7. Cefixime - 200mg
Tin, Paracetamol 500 mg darkar 7 danah emaw ei tel tur a ni.

Tin, Ramhmul damdawi thenkhat han tarlang bawk ila..
1. Lawngpar panga vel, tui litre 2(pava 8) velah chhuang so ila, a
chanve vel-a a tui a kang âwmah-ah suan ila, a la lum pip pep
laiin in tur a ni. Hetiang tui nikhata vawi hnih in-hi a tha ve khawp.
2. Purun var leh sawhthing rawt dip tuilumah chawk ila, nikhata
vawi hnih in tur a ni
3. Balhla- Balhla hmin emaw a phawk deuh pawh tihkawi/diakin
khawizu thirfiante hnih nen chawhpawlh ila, nikhata vawihnih
ei tur a ni. Tin, balhla kawr/pil chhung lam hi an fak viau mai.
4. Cocunut tui in tam tur
5. Serthlum hian awm nuam lo a tihzia awm bakah taksa a tichak a, a tha khawp bawk.

Inven dan
Ei leh in thianghlim hi a pawimawh hmasa ber a. Tin, thil kan ei dawnin fai taka kut sil zel tur a ni. Jampuiah hian tuikhur tui kan ring deuh tlangpui a, a tam zawk chuan tui kan that lem lo. Kan tui in tur hi chhuanso-a a hunna hmun pawh felfai leh thianghlim ni ngei sela. Ruah tui leh lui tui in mai mai te hi a him lo. Typhiod natna kan vela a lar tawh chuan ei leh in lo fimkhur nghal hle ila, sa, bawnghnute, saum te thlengin ei fimkhur tur a ni. Dawr-a thil fun that lohte ei miah loh bawk tur a ni.

Heng bakah hian typhoid chungchangah zawhna tam tak a awm thei ang. Kan khua a sika kan awm a nawm loh deuhva typhoid kai ni-a kan inrinhleh deuh chuan a rang thei ang ber-a damdawi in lama thisen endik tur a ni. Kan inenkawl hma leh kan dam hma mai dawn a ni. Tin, typhoid hi benvawn a neih awlsam tak mai anih avang hiana uluk taka in enkawlin damdawi ei that hle a tul a ni. Chiang taka kan dam var hma chuan natna palzam mai mai tur a ni lo. “Tihdam aiin inven a tha zawk” tih hria-in mitinte fimkhur tlang ila, thianghlimna i ngai pawimawh theuh vang u.
(tb*Bawkbawn hi atha amti bawk)
by Aron S

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NAU PAI, NAU NEIH LEH
A KAIHHNAWIH THENKHAT
                                         - Dr. C. Lalnunpuia

     ‘Mi khawngaihthlak ber mai chu hria nia inngai, hre si lote hi an ni’ an lo ti thin a, a dik ngawt mai. Nau neih leh nau pai chungchangah pawh hian hria nia inhria, hre chiang si lo kan tam hle niin a lang a. Kan hriat dan dik loh avanga hlauh loh tur kan hlauh te, tul lova kan insen vak vak thin te, kan inhuat phah hial thinnate hi a reh theih nan nasa zawka kan inzirtir a hun ta hle a ni. Ngun takin i’n zirho dawn teh ang.

     Mizote zingah raicheha thi kan tlem ta tial tial a, a lawmawm hle. India ramah hian kum 2013 survey-a a lan dan chuan nu naupai 1,00,000 zela 190 hi naupai kaihhnawih leh nau tihtlak/pian hnu ni 42 chhunga thi ang an ni. Hei hi kum 2015 ah chuan 109 vela tihhniam tuma tan lak a ni mek reng a. Kum 2013 chhung khan khawvel pumah nau pai leh nau neih kaihhnawih vanga thi hi nu 2,89,000 vel an ni bawk (chawhrualin ni tin nu 800 vel hi nau pai/neih kaihhnawih vangin an thi ziah ang vel an nih chu!). Khawvel pumah hei hi nasa taka tihtlem tum mek niin India pawhin sum leh pai tam tak a seng mek reng a ni. Zoram ngeiah pawh hian kum 2012-13 chhung khan hetiang thihna hi vawi 12 lai a thleng a nih kha.

     Khawvel pumah dama nau piang 1000 zela 50 (49.4) vel hi kum khat an tlin hmain an thi nia chhut a ni a. Ram changkangah chuan hei hi 1000 zela 5 chauh a ni; India ramah chuan 1000 zela 44 hi kum khat an tlin hmain an thi thung (WHO-2012). Kum 2012-13 chhung khan Mizoramah pawh nausen kum khat hnuai lam hi 600 vel an thi nia hriat a ni a, hei hi dama nau piang 1000 zela 30 ang vel a ni. Kum 2017-ah chuan hei hi 25 tala a tlakhniam theih nan tan lak mek a ni. Nausen thi (Infant mortality rate/ratio) tihniam tur hian Doctor leh hriselna lama thawkte chauh an tawk lo va, naute an damloha enkawlna lo pek ringawt a tawk hek lo. Primary health care an tih zinga mi, invenna leh inzirtirna hi Mizote chuan kan la mamawh ber rih niin a lang. Inneih hma atanga naute (leh a nu) enkawl dan hi ngun lehzuala kan zira, kan practice thalo tam takle hi kan hnuchhawn tawh a ngai a ni ber mai. Sawi thui lo phawt ila.

NU HRISELNA LAM:

Thi neih chungchang hi le

     Thi neih tan hun hi kum 13-14 vel niin kan sawi thin. Tunah chuan kan lo changkang ve tan ta a, kan eite a lo tha bawk nen, kum 10-11 an nih atanga thi nei tan sawi tur an kat ta nuk mai. Thi neih tawp hun pawh kum 40-45 vel ni thin kha kum 50 te a lo ni ta. Thi neih leh thi neih inkar hi mi hrisel pangngaiah chuan ni 28 vel a ni a; ni 21-35 inkar hi chu pawi lova ngaih a ni. Thi nei zing lutuk leh ngah lutukte tan inentir vat a tha a. Tin, upa lam thi hul tawha inngai, thla 4/5 lai hnua nei leh si kan awm a nih chuan inentir ngei bawk tur.

Nau pai venna/chhang khatna ve thung
    Tuma’n chhang zing lutuka fa neih chu kan duh hauh lo. Amaherawhchu, invenna/chhangkhatna a awm tih pawh hre lo hi kan la awm teuh tho niin a lang. Innei tawh si, fa neih la duh rih lo eng emaw zat kan awm bawk. Nau pai venna hi chi hrang tam tak a awm tawh a, nau pai duh si lo, chesual palhte tana ei chi emergency contraceptive pill an tihte thlengin bazarah lei tur a awm ta a. Amaherawhchu hengte hi kan hriat a tha:

Nau pai venna hmanruate hi sawisel bova tha a awm lo.

Mi tam tak chu chhang tihkhat duh siin inven huna inveng si lovin tum aia hmaah nau an pai leh fo va, an mangang em em mai thin. Nau pian hnu hian nuin thi a neih leh hma pawhin nau a pai theih tih hi hriat a tha a, thi neih leh hmaa inven ngai lo anga sawi awm thin hi a dik lo a ni.

Nau pai venna hi a hmangtuin fimkhur taka ngaihtuahin thlan a tha. A mum ei chite hi hnute a tihtlem theih avangin naute hnute hne lai nei tan chuan a rem chiah lo. Chungte tan chuan Copper T an tih angte hi doctor-te rawna hman mai a tha. Condom hmangtu, zaa 2-3 chuan nau an pai tho va; chuvangin nupa kara rinrawla hman atan chuan a him lutuk lo va; mahse a dang hmang thei lo tan chuan hman tho tur a ni.

A mum ei chi hmangte chuan a hun taka ei thlap thlap a tha. Chhang khat nan Copper T hi a him ber nia sawi a ni a, hemi hmangte chu a khat tawka in-check-up tur a ni. Copper T chungchanga insawithaihna tam tak awm thin hi chu kan hnam ze tha lo tak a ni.

Nau pai nih inhriat theih dan

A ni thei mai ang em?..

Thi neih hun dik taka nei thin khan a lo neih tak tlat lohin. Hei hi naupai nih inrinhlelh theihna hmasa ber a ni. Mahse pasal neih hmaa chesual, naupai hlau leh hnuhnawh em em si-ah te hian thi neih huna neih loh a awm ve thei tho va. Tin, pasal nei tawh, fa neih chak lutukhovah pawh hian ngai bel turin thineih hun pangngaia neih loh a awm ve thei tih hriat a tha.

Hnute a lo tang a, a lo lian deuh a, a hmur pawh a lo dum zualin a lo kawh deuh lah a. Hnute han hmeh deuhin hnute tui (colostrum) a chhuak thei. Hei hi vawikhat nau painaah lo chuan a hriat em em lo.

Luakchhuak hlui te a lo awm a, hei hi naute thla khat vel a nih atangin a awm tan ber a. Kar 6-8 chhung vel a awm deuh ber. Rai nih inhriat nan a rintlak em em lo.

Dul, zakhnuai leh serh velte chu a hma aiin a lo dum deuh a. Serh chung deuh atanga laipawng vel thlengin a dumin a inrin raih maithei bawk. Dul rang leh rang lo hi naute len leh len lohah a innghat.

Naute chu kar li chung lam a nih tawh chuan serh chhung chu sen riai (pink) ni thin khan thisen zam chhunga thisen tangkhang avangin a pawl rawng a lo kai lek lek tawh thin a. Hei hi Chadwick’s sign an ti.

Chhul thang zel chuan Phing a nek tak deuh avangin zun a lo chhuak sek a; tin, a chau sam em em maithei bawk.

A nih ngei dawn hi...

Naute kar 12 a lo nih chuan pum/dul a lo lian tan tawh a.
Thisen/zun hmanga rai leh rai loh enna (test-na) hrang hrang pawh a lo positive ta a.
Naute chu kar 24 vel a lo nih chuan pumah  kutphah han dah la, naute a che tih a lo hriat theih tawh ang.
Stethoscope hmanga ngaihthlakin naute lungphu ri pawh kar 18-20 vel atangin a hriat theih ang.
X-ray leh ultrasound hmang pawhin a hriat theih bawk. Mahse Rai laia pum X-ray tih hi a tul fe a nih loh chuan pumpelh a tha zawk.

Nau pai nih inhriat theihna hi thil dangte pawh la awm mah se duhtawk rih phawt ila.

Nau neih hun chhut dan

Nau pai chuan thi a lo hul a. He thi hul hmaa thi neih hnuhnun ber intan ni atang khan han chhut la, ni 280 emaw, thla 9 leh ni 7 emaw, kar 40-na emawah a lo piang ang. Hemi ni chiah hi a nih loh pawhin a hla lo vang.

     Thi neih mumal lo leh chhinchhiah lo tan puma naute chet tantirh kha thla 5-naah ngai la, a dik tlangpui ang. Mi thiamte phei chuan pum len dan azirin neih hun awm ang an chhut thiam a ni.

     Nu pum chhunga naute awm hun chhung hi ni 354 aiin a rei thei lo hrim hrim a. Ni 180 aia hmaa piangte chu a damkhawchhuak lo tur ngaih a ni bawk. Thla kim lova nau piang kan tih hi kar 28-kar 37 inkara piangte hi an ni.

Naupai laiin engte nge tih tur?
     Inentir: Nau pai tirh lam thla 7 chhung chu thla 1-ah vawi 1 zel, thla 8-naah vawi 2, a hnu lamah kar tin inentir theih a tha ber a. Amaherawhchu, chu chu thil harsa a nih avangin nau pai chhunga vawi 3 aia tlem lo in-check-up-tir ngei hi a tawka ngaih a ni. Mahni veng/khuaa ASHA leh Health worker-te rawn hreh loh tur a ni.

  Chaw tha ei: Rai lai leh nau neih laite hian chaw tha (chakna) mamawhna a nasa em em a. Nu chuan naute a chawm tel tak avangin tha taka naute a than theih nan a ei pangngai let hnih dawn lai chaw tha ei se la. Thil man tam tak tak lei a ngai chuang lo; chaw leh chhang te, dailuah, thlai hnah, bulbawk leh be lam chi  leh theite ei tam mai tur a ni. Iron leh vitamin tam tawk a mamawh avangin Sorkarin naupaite hnena a pek thin chu dawng turin Health Sub-Centre-ahte kal thin a tha. Nau pai chhung hian Kg.7-12 vel laiin rihna a pung thin a ni.

     Inenkawl fai: Nu chu a taksa leh thawmhnaw a fai tur a ni a. Hnete hmur a tlum loh nan leh hnute tui a chhuah that theih nan inbual pahte hian han hmethrual thin se la.

     Natna laka invenna: Nau pai tan sakawrekhrik danna (Tetanus vaccine) vawi 2 lak ngei tur a ni. Tun hmain TT vaccine a la la ngai lo a nih chuan a vawi khatna chu nau pai thla 4-5 -naah lak tur, a vawi hnihna chu a vawi khatna lak zawh thla khat hnuah. Hemi kan sawi huna la hman lo kan awm a nih pawhin lak tho tur a ni. Naupai hmasaka TT vaccine la tawhte tan erawh chuan nau neih hma kar 4 velah vawi 1 lak a tawk.

     Mut leh hahdam: Nu chu ni khatah darkar 8 chhung tal muhil thei se duhthusam a ni. Chhunah pawh muhil kher lo mah se hahdamna hun a nei tur a ni. Hahdam a pawimawh tih avanga naupai chhuanlama hna ho te pawh thawh hreh tlat erawh an awm ve leh zauh thin a ni awm e, a tul lem lo. Taksa insawizawi neih chhoh reng a tha a, hah lutuk erawh a him lo.

     Mei zuk chungchang: Zuk loh a him. Nau piang zang lutuk chhan eng emaw zat zinga pakhat a ni. Nau pai laia zial zu lote aiin zu thinte chu an naute 170g velin a zang zawk tlangpui a ni. India ramah hian nau piang zawng zawng zaa 26 lai hi nau piang zang (2.5kg aia tlem) an ni.

     Iron ei : Nuin nau a pai laia thisen a tlakchham vaih chuan amah leh naute in nasa takin kawng hrang hrangin a tawrh theih avangin iron hi ei ngei a tha a. Damdawi in/sub-centre-a a thlawna dawn theih reng a ni. Naute thla 5 vel a nih tawh chuan naupai chhunga mum 100 tal ei hman tura ei tan mai tur a ni. Iron ei thei thlawt lo hi awm ve theih a ni a, thisena thun chite pawh a awm zel; mi thiamte rawn chung zelin. Tunah phei chuan sub-centre tinah thisen (Hb) a test theih vek tawh tura ngaih a ni.

     Test : Nau pai lai hian damdawi in hnaia awmte tan phei chuan HIV test, Blood grouping, Hb. test, zun (albumin) test te hi tih ngei tur a ni a. Natna dang nei sa (eg. BP sang, zunthlum, etc.) -te phei chu in-checkup ngun hle a tha ber.

     Zu in hi: Tih loh tawp tur. Naute pianto tha lo te, rilru leh taksa thanthu te a thlen thei tih hriat a tha.

     Radiation: Nau pai tirh lam thla 4-ah X-ray lak loh tur. Naute piansualna a thlen thei.

     Nupa nun: Naute pian hun hma thla 3 vel chhung phei chu insum theih a tha.

     Ha leh ka chhung vawnfai: Theihnghilh loh tur.

Sawi vek sen a ni lo va, vawi thum aia tlem lo in-checkup a him ber. Naute hnute pek dan ringawt pawh hre lo hi a awm theih khawp mai a, tam pawh an tam khawp mai. Check-up -ahte hian nu hriselna endik mai bakah Naute enkawl dan tur zawng zawng nuin a hriat hmasak vek theih nana lo zirtir leh a hriat duhte lo hrilhhriat hi heng check-ups hian a tum ber a ni.

Nau pai laia hlauhawm hriat theihnate:

Hetiang a lo awm chuan a rang thei ang bera mithiam rawn vat tur:
Ke vung
Lu na/reh thei lo
Nikhaw hre lova tluk
Mit vai/khawhmuh fiah lo
Serh atanga thi leh bawlhhlawh chhuak
BP sang
Thil a nih tur ang ni lo

Fimkhur tul biknate:

Nau neih vawi khatnaa kum 30 leh a chung lam tan
Nu tawi lutuk (140cm. aia tawi)
Thi hawrh (haemorrhage)
Thisen tlakchhamna (anaemia)
Phir pai
Tun hmaa naute thisaa hring tawhte, zaichhuah tawhte
Nau pai rei lutuk (a neih hun tur a rin aia kar 2 chuanga reia a la neih loh fovin)
Natna thenkhat - German measles (sentut chi khat), TB, kal natna, diabetes, thisen zam natna neite
Rh-negative

Rai laia insawizawi hi le...

Taksa taksa leh rilru hrisel nan a pawimawh. Ama’rawhchu, exer lak hmain doctor rawn hmasak a tha a, kar khata vawi 3 vel insawizawi hi rai lai tan a tawk hle a; hah lutuka insawizawi erawh chin miah loh tur a ni. Zawi dam dapa tih chi leh tihrawl tana tha thei turin, ruh chuktuah khawih loh thei zawnga tih a tha. Fimkhur taka insawizawi thiam hi naute leh nu hriselna atan a pawimawh em em a ni.

Rai laia damdawi ei chungchang

    Fimkhur a tulzia kan hre deuh deuh a, a lawmawm hle. Nau pai tirh lam thla 3 chhung hi naute fuke leh ruangam indin chhoh lai a nih avangin fimkhur a ngai lehzual. A pawimawh zual lo chu vitamin pawh ni se hemi hun chhung hi chuan pe lo ila a tha. Mahse loh theih loha pek ngai pawh a awm ve tho mai, Damdawi thawh dan hriatchian loh chu hman loh phawt mai a him a; a him tih kan hriatchian chauh hi a theih hram chuan pek tur a ni.

    Natna chi khat atana damdawi hman thin hrang hrangte zingah pawh him leh him lo bik a awm thei, entirnan- Nu nau paiin malaria lo vei ta se la, Chloroquine leh Quinine te chu a hman theih laiin Primaquine chu hman theih a ni leh si lo. TB damdawi zingah Isoniazid leh Ethambutol a hman theih laiin Rifampicin chu a him leh chiah si lo; chutiang zelin.

    Damdawi chi hrang a tam a, kan hre seng lo vang. Ei atana him leh him lo tlem azawng erawh lo tarlang tho ila:

Nau pai tana himte:
    Calcium citrate /carbonate, Econazole, Magaldrate, Omega 3-fatty acid, Iron polymaltose, Quinidoclor, Thyroid hormones.

Him nia hriatte:
    Acetaminophen, Ampicillin, Ammoxycillin, Amphotericin, Azythromycin, Caffeine, Cephalexin, Cetirizine, Cephalosporin (Cefixime, Cefadroxil, Cefuroxime, Cofetaxime, Ceftriazone, Cefoperazone, etc), Clindamycin, Clotrimazole, Cimetidine, Cloxacillin, Diphenhydramine, Ethambutol, Cyproheptadine, Erythromycin, Famotidine, Insulin, Flouxetine, Frusemide, Ibuprofen, Loratidine, Lansoprazole, Nitrofurantoin, Loperamide, Meclizine, Metformin, Nystatin, Penicillin, Metoclopramide, Naproxen, Pentazocine, Ranitidine, Simethicone, Sulivatam, Terbinafine, Terbutaline.

Hriat chian chiah lohte:
    Acyclovir, Atropine, Amikacin, Aminoglycosides, Aminophylline, Artemether, Artesunate, Beclomethasone, Chloroquine, Ciprofloxacin, Cocaine, Clonidine, Cycloserine, Codeine, Cotrimoxazole, Dapsone, Diclofenac, Domperidone, Dopamine, Ephedrine, Ethamsylate, Fluconazole, Glucagon, Guaiphenacine, Hydralazine, Hydroxy chloroquine, Glyceryl trinitrate, Haloperidol, Heparin, Hydroxyzine, Isoniazid, Ketoconazole, Ketorolac, Levofloxacin, Isoprenalin, Isoxusuprine, Labetalol, Levodopa, Lignocaine, Mebendazole, Mefanemic acid, mefloquine, Methyldopa, Mupirocin, Nalidixid acid, Neomycin, Nifedipine, Noradrenaline, Norfloxacin, Ofloxacin, Omeprazole, Ornidazole, Pantoprazole, Phenylephrine, Piroxicam, Prazocin, Procainamide, Propanolol, Pseudoephedrine, Pyrental Palmoate, Pyrazinamide, Quinidine, Reserpine, Rifampicin, Rofecoxib, Roxythromycine, Salbutamol, Serratiopeptidase, Spironolactone, Sucralfate, Sulfadoxine, Theophylline, Timolol, Tinidazole, Tolbutamide, Tramadol, Triamterene, Trimethoprim, Vancomycin.

A tul viau chauhva hman tur (Naute that lohna thlen thei):
    Alprazolam, Amitryptylline, Aspirin,  Atenolol, Barbiturates, Carbimazole, Chlordiazepoxide, Clonazepam, Colchicine,Detroamphetamine, Diazepam, Doxycycline, Imipramine, Indomethacin, Kanamycin, Lithium, Lorazepam, Methimazole, Methotrexate, Morphine, Penicillamine, Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, Progesterone, Propylthiouracil, Tetracycline, Tobramycin, Valproic acid.

Hman loh tawp turte:
    Clomiphene, Oral contraceptive (nau pai venna ei chi), Danazole, Dehydro-emetine, Demeclocycline, Ergometrine, Fluvastatin, Interferon Alfa 2A, Iodine 125, Itraconazole, Ketoprofein, Lovastatin, Mianserine, Nicotine, Nimesulide, Oxyphenbutazone, Phenformin, Oxytetracycline, Phenylbutazone, Piperazine, Praziquantel, Primaquine, Sodium Valproate, Sparfloxacin, Sotalol, Streptomycin, Tenoxicam, Urokinase.

Rai laia Vaccine lak

    TT (Tetanus toxoid) vaccine chu lak ngei tur a ni tih kan sawi tawh a. Amaherawhchu, Biangboh (mumps), Tangseh, Sentut (measles) leh zeng (polio) vaccine-te hi nau pai laiin lak loh tur. Chutih laiin Tuihri (cholera), Ui a seh (rabies), Khawsikpui (typhoid) leh Hepatitis B vaccine-te erawh chu a tul viau chuan lak theih a ni.

Nau neih zawha rilru lam harsatna:

Nau neih vanga rilru buai (Postpartum psychosis): A tlangpuiin nau neih atanga ni 3-14 ah a intan a, thla 3 laite pawh a awh thin. Nau nei zawng zawng zaa 1 velin an vei ang ngaih a ni. An mu thei lo va,  awm hle hle thei lovin an ngaihtuahna leh an tawngte a buaiin a mumal lo hle thei. A thente chu an tap vak vak a, thenkhat erawh an hlim em em a, an thin a chhe viau mai thei bawk. Thil hlauh tlatte neiin mi hmuh ve loh thilte an hmu a; naute tihhlum ami duhna hial nei khawpin a zual ve thei a, hetiang an awm chuan enkawl vat tur a ni.

Postpartum depression: Nau neih hnu kar 2 vel atanga zawi zawia intanin thla 9 chhung laite pawh a awh ve thin. Nau neih vawi khatnaa zaa 10-15 velin an vei thin. An chau ngawih ngawih a, naute pawh enkawl peih lovin thil ho te an tih pawhin an hah ngawih ngawih a, mut theih loh, chaw ei tui lo, thinchhiat leh sual riauva inhriatnate an nei a. Lungngaihna emaw, khawhar ngawih ngawihna emawte an nei thin. A chang phei chuan thi mai dawna inhriat changte an nei thin.

Maternity blues: Natna ni hran lo mah se tlanglawn tak, zaa 10-18 velin an neih thin a ni. An tah a chhuak em em a, an thinchhiain an huatthu pawh a chhia a. An rilruah hlim leh hlim lohna (mood) a inthlak zung zung thin. Kar 2/1 hnuah a reh ve mai a, damdawia enkawl pawh a ngai lem lo.

     Hetiang natnate hi enkawl dam mai theih vek a ni a, inven theih a ni bawk. A pawimawh zawk chu an chenpui chhungkuate’n anmahni kan enkawl dan hi a ni. Nau neih hnu thla 6 vel chhung hi chu hormone inthlak danglam leh thil dang thenkhat avangin hetiang hi a awm fo a ni tih kan hriatpuia, hrethiam leh dawhthei taka kan enkawl a tha.
Hetiang harsatna tawkte pawhin rilru tihrehawm mai lovin natna awm thei leh mi dangte pawhin an neih ve tho thin a nih avangin lungngai mai lova enkawl dam vat dan tur ngaihtuah zawk tur a ni.

NAUTE HRISELNA LAM:

Hei hi chu kan sawi tam lo ang a, naute piansualna leh naupang thanlenna chungchang tlem chauh kan thlirho ang.

Fuke kim lova nau pian chhan thenkhat:

Inthlahchhawnna atangin: Mizia leh nihphung inthlahchhawnan chi bulpui (gene)-ah dik lohna a awmin. Hei hi thlahtuteah a la awm ngai lo a nih pawhin a nei hmasa ber a nih theih.

Natna hrik: Nau pai laia Saihri (syphillis), Rubella, HIV/AIDS, tangseh leh Toxoplasmosis an tihte vei avangin nauteah piansualna a awm thei.

Damdawi: Damdawi thenkhat, nau pai lai (a bikin nau pai tirh lam thla 3 chhung)-a eia naute fuke kim lohna thlen thei engemaw zat a awm a; chungte chu a hma lama kan ziah tawh kha.

Damdawi ruih theih chi: Zu, heroin, Ganja, Petrol leh Dendrite tih.

Zunthlum: Nuin zunthlum a neiha a inenkawl that loh chuan naute lian tak a insiam thei a, nautein lung leh ruh lam fel lohnate a nei thei bawk.

Nu kum: Fa vawi khat neihnaa kum upa lutuk (kum 40 chung lam)-ah a awm duh.

Radiation: Naute nu pum chhunga a awm laia X-ray leh radiation-a chhun/kah hian naute piansualna a thlen thei.

Ei leh in: Nau pai laia nuin vitamin, Folic acid leh thil dang a tlakchham nasat chuan piansualna leh naute sawngnawi a thlen thei.

Rilru hah: Nau pai laia nuin rilru haha leh lungngaihna a neih nasat lutuk chuan naute chiangkuan lohna engemaw a awm thei.                   

Taksa leh Rilru thanlenna:

Naute/naupang, a kum azira a rih lam leh san zawng duhthusam hre duh tan ‘Chhemdamthli 22nd edition’ ah khan kimchang takin a hmu thei ang. Chungte bakah chuan nau hrisel chu a hnuaia mi ang hian a awm thin:

Thla 1    :   Ri lo chhuahna lamah naute chu hawi nachang a hre ve tan.
Thla 2    :  Nau a nui thei.
Thla 3    :  A ring a tun thei tan a, a nu a hre hrang thei ta bawk.
Thla 4    :  A kuta thil dahin a kutzungtangin a hum ve nghal vat thin.
Thla 5    :  Vuan chungin a thu thei. A thil hmuh thenkhat chu banin a kut pahnihin man a tum ve thei tawh.
Thla 6    :  ‘ma’ ‘ba’ tih ang chi hi a lam ve thiam tawh a, darthlalangah inentirin nuih nachanga hria.
Thla 7    :  Thil a man nghet tawh hle a, a kutzungtang mai ni lovin a kutphah tak takin thil a man ve thei ta.
Thla 8    :  Vawn lohin amahin a thu thei.
Thla 9    :  Vawn neiin a ding thei tan a, ‘mama’ ‘baba’ tihte a sawi thei. ‘Bye-bye’ tia kut vaite pawh a tithei ta.
Thla 10  :  Vawn neiin a kal thei.
Thla 11  :  A bawkvak thei.
Thla 12  :  Vawn nei lovin a ding thei. Thu kam 2/1 awmze nei a sawi ve thiam. Infiampui (ball leh eng ilovin) pawh a theih ve tan.
Thla 13  :  Amahin a kal thei ta.
Thla 18  :  A tlan thei. Thumal 10 vel awmze neiin a sawi thei; a zunchhuak a sawi thei a, chhunah a hulhar tan.
Kum 2   :  Step-ahte pawh a lawn ve thei tawh. Tlu lovin ball a pet thei; a thusawi pawh a chiang tawh hle.
Kum 3-6 :  Mahniin chaw mumal takin a ei thiam; pheikhawk a bun thiam a, zanah a hulhar tan. Hla lar zual a sa thiam a, mitmei leh kut zaizir a hrethiam. Lian nih a duh a, a dilchhut. Thil a zir tan a, suangtuahna a hmang tan.
Kum 6-9 : An ninhleiin an tha a za. Infiam an ngainaa, thiltiha ni puih ve an chak; thian an duh.
Kum 9-12 : An fel tan; thian an mamawh. Thudik an ngaina, mawhphurhna pek ve thin tur. Chin dawklak (habit) an nei ve tan.
Kum 12-15 : An tleirawl/rawlthar, an nghet lo, an laklawh. Thunun luih an ngaithei lo. Ngaihsan zawng thu an zawm duh hle.

Heng zawng zawng hi naute hrisel rau rauvah pawh a inang vek thei chuang lo vang a, duhthusam mai chauh a ni.
    Aw le, kan sawi thahnem tawk ta, sawi tur a la tam. Duhtawk ila.

Source:hriselna hriatzauduhtan fb group

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Cancer han tih hian kan hrethiam tlang mai awm e. Tisa mur (cell) chi khat taksa control-tu khawlina a dan hneh rual loha lo ṭhang/inthlahpung ta hi a ni. Cancer awmtirtu hi hriat fak a ni lo nain thil chi hrang hrang ṭangkhawm (risk factors)-in taksaa hna an thawh aṭanga rawn insiam a ni tih erawh chu hriat a ni. Heng risk factors zinga lar zual deuhte chu:-
Risk Factors
Kum upat lamah cancer hi vei a awl bik : Mi a dam rei poh leh cancer veina chance a sang zel.
Genetic Predisposition : Tisa mur (cell) thenkhat piangsual, pian tirh atanga fuh lo, insiam danglama cancer-a chang hma bik a awm thei.
The Immune System : Taksain natna a lo dolet theihna khawl (Immune System) a that lohin cancer vei a awl bik bawk. HIV/AIDS vei te, Organ transplant avanga immune system tih            ṭhuanawp nana damdawi eiho te leh pianpui immune system fel lote tan hian risk a sang bawk.
Infection by Virus and Bacteria : Virus thenkhat heng Human Papilloma Virus(HPV)(Chhul leh serh bawr cancer, mawngkua leh tai cancer, ka leh hrawk bawr cancer thlen theitu), Hepatitis B and C Viruses(Liver cancer), Eebstein-Barr Virus (EBV)(Lymphoma) leh Bacteria chi khat, Helicobacter pylori (HP)(Stomach cancer) avangte hian cancer a vei theih bawk.
Environmental factors : Kan khawsakna vela kan tawn thil heng, mi meizuk khu kan thawkluh te, nisain min em atang te, natural and man-made radiation vang te, Asbetos avangte hian cancer kan vei thei bawk.
Khawsakphung hrisel lo : Vaihlo(meizuk, sahdah, tuibur al, zarda adt.)  kan hman nasat lutuk avang te, zu kan in nasat avang te, thil rep kan ei thin vang te(thil rep kan ei hian inṭing kan ei tel tih hriat tur), kuhva kan ei nasat avang te, chaw hrisel tawk lo ei te, thil kan ei hnema kan thau lutuk te, taksa kan sawizawi ṭhat tawk loh  avang te hian cancer vei mai a sam bawk.



Hriat tur pawimawh
Heng ‘risk factors’ kan sawi takte tangkhawm hian kan taksaah hna thawkin cancer kan vei thin. Pahnih-khat kan neih avangin cancer kan vei ngei dawn tihna erawh a ni chuang lo. Heng zinga thenkhat hi chu kan thuhnuaia kan dah theih loh a awm, a thente erawh hi chu keimahni kan fimkhur thiam chuan kan pumpelh thei. Hei tak hi a pawimawh leh kan hriat tur chu a ni ta. No. 6-na khi kan fimkhur phawt chuan kan pumpelh thei. No. 3, 4, leh 5-na te khi nun kan uluk chuan pumpelh theihna chin a awm, No. 1 & 2 erawh khi chu engti kawng mahin kan pumpelh thei lo. No. 1-na emaw 2-na emaw khi kan nih a, zu in bawk, meizu bawk kan nih phei chuan cancer kan vei har lo viau mai thei a ni. Chuvangin CANCER LAKA FIHLIM TURIN ZUK LEH HMUAM SIM LA, EI LEH IN FIMKHUR LA, NUN ULUK BAWK ANG CHE.

By lalsiampara sailo Hriselna fb doc

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Hnam tlem tê kan ni nâa Mizo-te hian ngáwt(cancer) hi kan vei nasain min tibuai bertu leh thihna thlen tam bertu a ni kan ti thei hial awm e. Mizorama ngáwt vei zinga thahnem tak(11.2%) hi hnute ngáwt vei an ni a, hmeichhe ngáwt vei zingah a tam palina a ni.

Hnute Ngáwt chu eng nge ni rêng?

Hnute ngáwt hi hnute tîsa mür(cell) taksa khawlina a thunun theih loha lo thang a, lo pung ta hluaiin báwk a siam hi a ni. Mür laimu, mürmu (nucleus) chhunga awm, mihring min timihringtu leh kan tîsa thanna thununtu, 'gene' tia kan hriat lo inthlakdanglam (mutate) avanga ngáwt hi rawn insiam a ni. Gene hian kan tîsa mür(cell) tin hi a thununin a upa deuh chu a tawktêin a tharin a thlak zel thin. Gene inthlakdanglam a lo awmin thunun rual lohin kha tîsa mür kha a lo púng a, báwk a insiamin ngáwt(cancer) kan vei ta thin a ni.
Hnute hi tîsa chi hrâng hrângin a siam a:    
1. Gland(Hnute bê) : Hnute tui siamtu    
2. Duct(Hnute dáwt) : Hnute tui, gland atanga hnute hmüra petu    
3. Fat(Thau) : Hnute pianphung siamtu leh timawitu    
4. Fibrous connective tissue (Duar) : Hnute tîsa phuarkhawmtu    
5. Skin(Vun) : Hnute tîsa tuamkhawmtu leh khuh mawitu
Héng hnute tîsa hrâng hrâng atang hian ngáwt a insiam thei vek a, gland leh duct atanga insiam hi a tam ber chu an ni. A awm tanna tîsa azirin ngáwt awmdan leh zia pawh a dâng thei thin.

Hnute Ngáwt awmtir theitu (Risk Factors) :

Chi hnihin a then theih - Thunun theih leh Thunun theih loh.
Thunun theihte:    
1. Nau pai danna damdawi (Estrogen) : Nau pai leh hnute insiam nana dawihlo(hormone) pawimawh tak pahnih 'estrogen' leh 'progesteron' te hi hmeichhe chi bawm (ovary) hian a siam chhuak a, heng dawihlo chihnih inlumlet hian thi neih dân leh hmeichhe naupai kawngah kawngro nasa takin a sú a ni. Estrogen hi hnute than nân a pawimawh a, rei tak thisena a châmbân chuan hnute ngáwt a thlen thei thung. Naupai danna damdawi (oral contrceptive pill) pawh hetiang dawihlo tho hi a nih avangin a hmáng reiho zingah hnute ngáwt hi a awm duh bika ngaih a ni.    
2. Thau lutuk leh rih lutuk : Hmeichhe thau deuh pawh hi an thisenah dawihlo 'estrogen' a sân thin avangin hnute ngáwt an vei duh bik, upat lam thi hul hnuah a ni zual.    
3. Ei-in (Diet) : Zirmi(researchers)-te chhut dânin sa thau leh ke pali nei sa(red meat), thil rep(meia ur ro) ei nasáte hian hnute ngáwt an vei duh bik. Heng chaw thau pai tam lo, thei leh thlai tharlâm ei tâmte hian an vei tlem deuhin an ngai.    
4. Taksa sawizawi (Exercise) : Hunbi neia taksa sawizawi leh chet(nitin minit 45-60 tal) hian hnute ngáwt vei lo turin a pui theia ngaih a ni.    
5. Zu (Alcohol) : Hmeichhe zu in thin hian hnute ngáwt an vei hma bawk. Zu hian thin hnathawh a tibuai a, chu chuan 'estrogen  metabolism’ a tibuai theiin thisenah estrogen a lo sân phah thin avangin hnute ngáwt a awm hma.    
6. Meizûk (Smoking) :  Meizûk leh vaihlo hman thin chi hrang hrang hian taksa hmun dang ang bawkin hnutêah pawh nghawng tha lo a nei thei.    
7. Lungkham ngah (Sress & anxiety) : Vei neih rûn leh rilru hahte hian hnute ngáwt an vei hma bik an ti tlat bawk. Rilru engthawl takte hi an taksa raldo khawl (immune system) a chak bik avangin ngáwt leh natna dâng an vei mawh niin mi thiam ten an ngai. Tawngtai leh rilru sawizawina dângte pawh hi a tangkai thei niin an sawi.
Thunun theih lohte:    
1.. Hmeichhia (Gender) : Hmeichhia ten hnute ngáwt hi an vei tlángpui, mipa tán vei ngai loh chu a ni bik lo. Hmeichhiaah hian dawihlo estrogen leh progesteron-te hnathawh a inlumleh nasat bik vanga hmeichhiaten hnute ngáwt hi vei tam bik niin mi thiamten an ngai.    
2. Kum upa ( Age) : Ngáwt dang ang bawkin hnute ngáwt pawh hi kum a tam chuan vei a awl bik. Hnute ngáwt hi hmeichhia kum 30 leh kum 39 inkârah mi tlemte, 0.44 % chauh vei mai thei dinhmunah an ding a, kum 60-ah chuan 43.5 % lai vei hlauhthawnawm an ni thung.    
3. Hnam leh Chi (Race) : Mingo hmeichhiate hian mihâng leh Asia mite aiin hnute ngáwt hi an vei tam zawka ngaih a ni.    
4. Chhungkuaa vei awm (Family History) : I chhungkhat hnaivai zinga hnute ngáwt vei an awm a nih chuan nang pawhin i vei ve mai a hlauhthawnawm thei.    
5. Inhem (Radiation therapy) : Ngáwt chi dang avanga awmbawr hem (RT) lo tawk tawhte hian hnute ngáwt hi an vei duh bawk.    
6. Thisena Estrogen awm rei : Nau pai lova lengtûl te, hmeichhe thi nei hma bik te, upat hnua thi nei rei/hul harho (late memopause) - te hi an thisenah Estrogen a tam rei bik avangin hnute ngáwt hi an vei duh bik bawk.

Hnute Ngáwt chu engtia hriatchhuah nge?

Hnute ngáwt hi hriatchhuah hmâ chuan enkawl dam harsa lo tak a ni. Chuvângin inrinhlehna nei emaw, inringhlel lem lo pawh kum upa lamah chuan inentir fo hi thil pawimawh tak a ni, kum khata vawikhat tal inentir a, mamogram screening neih thin a tha. Mahnia in ekzam thiam pawh a tangkai thei hle bawk. Doctor ekzamna atang leh mahnia inekzam atanga rinhlelhawm a awm chuan X-ray, mamogram, CT/MRI/Ultra sound scan-te hmangin a báwk lendân leh a darh tam dân a hriat theih. A báwk atanga tîsa them lak(biopsy) a, enlennaa enin ngáwt a ni ngei tih finfiah thin a ni.

Hnute Ngáwt Enkawl Dân:

Enkawlna hi a báwk len dân leh a darh zau dan azirin a dang thei. Hnute ngáwt hi zai(surgery) hmanga enkawl phawt a, damdawi(chemotherapy) emaw hem(radiotherapy) emaw hmanga enkawl zui leh thin a ni ber, damdawi leh hem hman kawp ngai pawh an awm thei bawk.

Hriattûr pawimawh:

Hnute ngáwt laka i him theih nân a chunga kan sawi ngáwt awmtir theitu(risk factors), zinga thunun theihho lakah khian inthiar fihlim hrâm tum ang che. Ei leh inah fimkhur la, vaihlo leh zû lakah inthiarfihlim la, i taksâ rit lutuk tur véng uluk la, i taksa sawizawi thain a tawk chauhin che (exercise & physical activities) thin bawk ang che. Nau i neihin a rei thei ang ber i hnute tuiin naute chu i châwm thin bawk dawn nia (nau hnute pe lai nute thisenah hian estrogen a hniam). Kum 40 chunglam leh hnute ngáwt vei mai thei mi(risk group) i nih chuan kumtin doctor bula screening neih thin a tha.
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